This volume contains 18 contributions to the Third Russian-German Advanced Research Workshop on Computational Science and High Performance Computing presented in July 2007 at Novosibirsk, Russia. The workshop was organized jointly by the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) and the Institute of Computational Technologies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICT SB RAS) The contributions range from computer science, mathematics and high performance computing to applications in mechanical and aerospace engineering. They show a wealth of theoretical work and simulation experience with a potential of bringing together theoretical mathematical modelling and usage of high performance computing systems presenting the state of the art of computational technologies.